What is the difference between a global variable and a local variable in Python?
Antek N

1. Checking if a value is a valid IP address using theipaddress module: To check if a value is a valid IP address in Python, you can utilize theipaddress module, which provides classes for working with IP addresses, networks, and subnets. Theipaddress module allows you to parse, manipulate, and validate IP addresses. Here's an example of how you can perform this IP address validation using theipaddress module:

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import ipaddress

def is_valid_ip_address(ip):
    try:
   ipaddress.IPv4Address(ip)  # IPv4 address validation
   # ipaddress.IPv6Address(ip)  # Uncomment for IPv6 address validation
   return True
    except ipaddress.AddressValueError:
   return False

# Usage:
input_ip = input("Enter an IP address: ")
if is_valid_ip_address(input_ip):
    print("The IP address is valid.")
else:
    print("The IP address is not valid.")

In the above code, theis_valid_ip_address() function takes anip parameter representing the IP address to validate. It attempts to create anIPv4Address object using theipaddress.IPv4Address() constructor, which performs validation on the IP address format. If the IP address is valid, the function returnsTrue. If anAddressValueError exception is raised, it indicates that the IP address is not valid, and the function returnsFalse. Note that the example focuses on IPv4 address validation. If you also want to validate IPv6 addresses, uncomment the line foripaddress.IPv6Address(ip) and comment out the IPv4 line. You can use theis_valid_ip_address() function by providing an IP address as a string. It will check if the IP address is valid using theipaddress module's validation capabilities. The result is then printed accordingly. 2. Difference between a global variable and a local variable in Python: In Python, a global variable and a local variable are two types of variables that differ in their scope and accessibility within a program. - Global Variable: A global variable is a variable defined outside any function or class, making it accessible throughout the program. It can be accessed and modified from any part of the program, including functions, methods, and classes. Global variables are declared using theglobal keyword or by simply defining them outside any function or class. Here's an example of a global variable in Python:

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global_var = 10

def my_function():
    print(global_var)  # Accessing a global variable

my_function()  # Output: 10

In the above code,global_var is a global variable defined outside the functionmy_function(). It can be accessed directly within the function, as demonstrated by theprint(global_var) statement. - Local Variable: A local variable is a variable defined within a function, method, or block of code. It has a limited scope and can only be accessed within the specific function, method, or block where it is defined. Local variables are created when the function, method, or block is executed and are destroyed when the execution of the function, method, or block completes. Here's an example of a local variable in Python:

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def my_function():
    local_var = 20
    print(local_var)  # Accessing a local variable

my_function()  # Output: 20

In the above code,local_var is a local variable defined within the functionmy_function(). It is accessible only within the function's scope. Attempting to accesslocal_var from outside the function would result in an error. To summarize, the key differences between a global variable and a local variable in Python are: - Global variables are defined outside any function or class and are accessible throughout the program, while local variables are defined within a function, method, or block and are limited to their specific scope. - Global variables can be accessed and modified from anywhere in the program, whereas local variables can only be accessed within the specific function, method, or block where they are defined. - Global variables have a longer lifetime and retain their values across function calls, while local variables are created and destroyed during the execution of their respective function, method, or block. Understanding the distinction between global and local variables is crucial for managing the scope and accessibility of variables in your Python programs.

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